A Japanese astronaut is to harvest cucumbers on board the International Space Station.
"We will be able to utilize roots' ability to sense moisture gradients for controlling root growth orientation," said researcher Hideyuki Takahashi.
Which factor is more important to root growth: gravity or water? To find out, scientists recruited astronauts to grow cucumbers on the International Space Station.
In the soil, roots seek out higher concentrations of water. The tendency is called hydrotropism. Roots also tend to grow downward as a result of gravity, a pattern called gravitropism.
But researchers haven't been able to determine which of the two influencing factors is the strongest.
When astronauts grew cucumbers in space, under micro-gravity conditions, the root patterns proved hydrotropism was the most important factor.
To build on this previous research, Furukawa's cucumber experiments will focus on how a specific plant hormone, called auxin, behaves in micro-gravity. "Auxin is related to organ, generation as well as g load or gravity sensation, so by knowing how the auxin distribution is controlled we may be able to control the plant growth, or it may make way for the future plant factory in space. So I'm very excited," Furukawa said.
Scientists published the results of their experiments this week in the journal New Phytologist.
"We will be able to utilize roots' ability to sense moisture gradients for controlling root growth orientation and efficiently growing plants in future space farms," lead author Hideyuki Takahashi said in a news release.